Augmenting long-term memory - Nielsen

Why use intuition to guide what to memorize? :: To cultivate taste in what to memorize.

Ideal length of an spaced repetition practice. :: Less than 20 minutes.

To make it pleasant, treat spaced repetition like ...
Back: Meditation.

How many times to read a material to internalize it? :: Several passes then at least one thorough read.

To give a spaced repetition prompt an emotional context ... :: Connect it to a personal project.

Reading inbox filter :: Material contains substantial ideas and questions relevant to my project.

Rule of thumb on when not to write spaced repetition prompts on a material. :: When I couldn't write at least five good prompts about it.

How can you avoid memorizing misleading information through spaced repetition? :: Phrase the prompt as a claim by the author.

If the quality of analysis of an information I'm memorizing via spaced repetition is concerning, what additional prompts can I write? :: Prompts about what makes such analysis difficult.

To memorize a graph, figure, or image via spaced repetition, I... :: Write a prompt that asks me to describe a mental image of it.

What should you do to an uninteresting book to avoid completionism when reading? :: Drop it.

Per Nielsen (2018), what is the best foundation for reading an unfamiliar field? :: Syntopic reading.

Describe syntopic reading. :: Deep reading of major sources interspersed with shallow reading of minor sources.

To find the key reading materials of a field ... :: Shallow read many materials.

How can syntopic reading lead to creative work? :: By revealing gaps and possibilities I could pursue.

How can spaced repetition support creative work? :: Prompts can help one remember gaps and possibilities to pursue.

Complex questions are allowed in spaced repetition prompts only when ... :: They're part of a hierarchy of atomic prompts.

Prompts weakly related to others ::: Orphan questions

How to avoid orphan questions :: Write more than one question about a new subject.

Associating a new information to existing memories ::: Elaborative encoding

How to use elaborative encoding when writing spaced repetition prompts involving a basic fact? :: Connect the basic fact with other ideas.

Why use multiple variants of the same question in a spaced repetition practice? :: It strengthens elaborative encoding.

Per Nielsen (2018), majority of his flashcards are simple question and answer, while a minority are cloze.

How can you memorize a quote using spaced repetition? :: Use multiple clozes.

Cloze ::: Fill-in-the-blank spaced repetition prompt.

On top of spaced repetition practice, how can you really internalize a process? :: Use it to solve real problems.

How to remember a painting's name via spaced repetition? ::Image as question, name as answer.

How does Nielsen (2018) add spaced repetition prompts about seminars and conversations? :: Stays present and notes a few prompt ideas he develops after the event.

"We become what we remember, so we must be careful what we remember." — Michael Nielsen

Why are yes/no questions bad for spaced repetition practice? :: They contain unelaborated ideas.

To tackle high-level issues in any field, focus on the ... :: basics.

Per Miller (1956), the basic unit of working memory ::: Chunk

Per Nielsen (2018), what is the role of long-term memory in developing expertise? :: More chunks memorized boosts one's IQ in a domain.

Per Nielsen (2018), a design process informed by research, and I can use in my jiyu shukyo project.
1.
2. Create bold, imaginative design.
3. Test design prototypes in experiments.
4. Experiments trigger new questions.
5. New questions trigger new designs.
?
Explore many ideas.

Per Nielsen (2018), a design process informed by research, and I can use in my jiyu shukyo project.

1. Explore many ideas.
3. Test design prototypes in experiments.
4. Experiments trigger new questions.
5. New questions trigger new designs.
   ?
   Create bold, imaginative design.

Per Nielsen (2018), a design process informed by research, and I can use in my jiyu shukyo project.

1. Explore many ideas.
2. Create bold, imaginative design.
4. Experiments trigger new questions.
5. New questions trigger new designs.
   ?
   Test design prototypes in experiments.

Per Nielsen (2018), a design process informed by research, and I can use in my jiyu shukyo project.

1. Explore many ideas.
2. Create bold, imaginative design.
3. Test design prototypes in experiments.
5. New questions trigger new designs.
   ?
   Experiments trigger new questions.

Per Nielsen (2018), a design process informed by research, and I can use in my jiyu shukyo project.

1. Explore many ideas.
2. Create bold, imaginative design.
3. Test design prototypes in experiments.
4. Experiments trigger new questions.

?
New questions trigger new designs.

Rule of thumb to be very selective on what to memorize for the long term.. :: Memorize material that you'll need repeatedly.